Flora

Flora of National Botanical Garden (Updated on 2024/05/14)

Floral diversity: Angiosperms 1094 species (1107 taxa), Gymnosperms 34 species (36 taxa), Pteridophytes 111 species, Bryophytes 46 species, Algae 14 species

Ex-situ conserved plants: 748 species, excluding 15 invasive species and In-situ conserved plants: 522 species (excluding 14 algal species) 

Endemic to Nepal conserved plants: Begonia nuwakotensis, B. taligera, Cirsium phulchokiense, Elaeagnus tricholepis, Ensete nepalense, Hypericum cordifolium, Polystichum annapurnicola, Rhododendron lowndesii, Roscoea nepalensis, Stellaria patens var. ovatifolia,  Thunbergia kasajuana.

CITES-listed conserved plants:

  • Appendix I: Paphiopedilum insigne, Paphiopedilum sp.
  • Appendix II: Alsophila spinulosa, Cycas pectinata, C. revoluta, Dalbergia latifolia, D. sissoo, Dioscorea deltoidea, Euphorbia ammak, E. canariensis, E. milii, E. obesa, E. royleana, E. tirucalli, E. tithymaloides, Orchid spp., Podophyllum hexandrum, Rauvolfia serpentina,  Taxus contorta
  • Appendix III: Gnetum montanum, Magnolia hodgsonii, Podocarpus neriifolius

IUCN red list conserved plants: 

  • Extinct in the Wild: Brugmansia suaveolens
  • Critically Endangered: Beaucarnea recurvata, Gastrochilus calceolaris, Lathyrus odoratus
  • Endangered: Coffea arabica, Cyrtomium hemionitis, Dioon spinulosum, Ensete nepalense, Ginkgo biloba, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Paphiopedilum insigne, Pterocarpus santalinus, Schlumbergera russelliana, Sequoia sempervirens, Taxus contorta, Tectona grandis, Xanthocyparis vietnamensis, Zamia furfuracea
  • Vulnerable: Astrophytum ornatum, Cycas pectinata, Dalbergia latifolia, Euphorbia ammak, Ferocactus robustus, Jacaranda mimosifolia, Paris polyphylla, Santalum album, Saraca asoca, Schlumbergera truncata, Taxus mairei
  • Near Threatened: Abies spectabilis, Aegle marmelos, Cryptomeria japonica, Dahlia imperialis, Dypsis lutescens, Nageia nagi, Platycladus orientalis, Pterocarpus marsupium
  • Least Concern: Abelmoschus moschatus, Acer buergerianum, A. oblongum, palmatum, A. truncatum, Acmella paniculata, Acorus calamus, Adenanthera pavonina, Adiantum capillus-veneris, Aesculus indica, Agave americana, Albizia lebbeck, Alnus nepalensis, Alstonia scholaris, Alternanthera sessilis, Annona reticulata, Aphanamixis polystachya, Araucaria bidwillii, A. columnaris, Archontophoenix alexandrae, Azadirachta indica, Bauhinia purpurea, B. variegata, Berberis aristata, Bergenia ciliata, Betula alnoides, Bischofia javanica, Bixa orellana, Bombax ceiba, Bonnaya antipoda, Bougainvillea glabra, Breynia retusa, Brucea javanica, Brunfelsia pauciflora, Buddleja asiatica, Bulbophyllum leopardinum, Butea monosperma, Buxus sempervirens, Callicarpa macrophylla, Camellia japonica, C. kissii, Carex baccans, Carpinus viminea, Caryota urens, Cascabela thevetia, Cassia fistula, Castanea mollissima, Castanopsis indica, Cedrus deodara, Celosia argentea, Celtis australis, Centaurea cyanus, Centella asiatica, Centipeda minima, Cereus hildmannianus, C. repandus, Cestrum elegans, C. nocturnum, Chaenomeles japonica, Chamaecrista mimosoides, Chlorophytum tuberosum, Choerospondias axillaris, Cinnamomum camphora, C. glanduliferum, C. tamala, Citrus maxima, Cleistocactus strausii, Clerodendrum chinense, C. japonicum, Colebrookea oppositifolia, Colocasia esculenta, Commelina benghalensis, Cornus capitata, C. oblonga, Craterostigma nummulariifolium, Cupressus torulosa, Cuscuta reflexa, Cyanotis cristata, Cycas revoluta, Cyclamen hederifolium, Cyperus alternifolius, C. cyperoides, Dalbergia sissoo, Delonix regia, Desmostachya bipinnata, Digitalis purpurea, Dumasia villosa, Duranta erecta, Eclipta prostrata, Edgeworthia gardneri, Ehretia acuminata, Elaeagnus conferta, Elaeocarpus angustifolius, Ensete glaucum, Ephedra pachyclada, Equisetum ramosissimum, Eriocaulon nepalense, Erythrina crista-galli, Espostoa lanata, Eucalyptus alba, Euonymus echinatus, E. grandifloras, E. hamiltonianus, E. vagans, Euphorbia canariensis, E. cotinifolia, E. milii, E. pulcherrima, E. tirucalli, E. tithymaloides, Ficus auriculata, F. benjamina, F. elastica, F. glaberrima, F. microcarpa, F. religiosa, F. semicordata, Fimbristylis dichotoma, Floscopa scandens, Fraxinus floribunda, Gaultheria fragrantissima, Globba racemosa, Gloriosa superba, Gnaphalium polycaulon, Gnetum montanum, Grevillea robusta, Gymnocalycium anisitsii, Harrisia martinii, H. tetracantha, Hedera helix, Helianthus annuus, Hellenia speciosa, Heptapleurum insularum, H. venulosum, Holarrhena pubescens, Hydrangea paniculata, Hydrilla verticillata, Hydrocotyle javanica, H. sibthorpioides, Ilex excelsa, Iris pseudacorus, Jatropha curcas, J. gossypiifolia, Juglans regia, Juncus prismatocarpus, J. wallichianus, Juniperus horizontalis, J. indica, J. recurva, J. squamata, Justicia adhatoda, J. aurea, Lagerstroemia indica, Ligustrum confusum, Lindera nacusua, L. neesiana, L. pulcherrima, Litsea monopetala, Lobelia heyneana, Luculia gratissima, Lupinus albus, Lyonia ovalifolia, Macropanax dispermus, Magnolia champaca, M. grandiflora, M. hodgsonii, M. insignis, Mallotus philippensis, Malvaviscus arboreus, Mammillaria carnea, M. prolifera, Melia azedarach, Mentha arvensis, M. spicata, Mimosa pudica, Murraya koenigii, Musa balbisiana, Myriophyllum spicatum, Myrsine semiserrata, Nasturtium officinale, Nephrolepis exaltata, Nerium oleander, Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, Nymphaea lotus, Nymphoides hydrophylla, Oplismenus compositus, Opuntia microdasys, Osmanthus fragrans, Osyris lanceolata, Pachycereus pringlei, Panicum sumatrense, Parochetus communis, Paspalum distichum, P. scrobiculatum, Persicaria barbata, P. hydropiper, Phragmites karka, Phyllanthus emblica, Picea smithiana, Pinus patula, P. roxburghii, P. thunbergii, P. wallichiana, Pistia stratiotes, Pithecellobium dulce, Plantago major, Plumeria rubra, Poa annua, Podocarpus neriifolius, Pogonatherum paniceum, Polygonum plebeium, Pongamia pinnata, Populus ciliata, P. deltoides, Potamogeton crispus, Prunus cerasoides, P. jamasakura, P. sargentii, Psidium guajava, Pteris vittata, Putranjiva roxburghii, Pyracantha crenulata, Pyrus pashia, Quercus dentata, Q. glauca, Q. lanata, Q. rubra, Q. semecarpifolia, Ranunculus sceleratus, Rauvolfia tetraphylla, Rhamnus napalensis, R. virgata, Rhododendron arboretum, Rhus chinensis, Rotala rotundifolia, Rubus ellipticus, Rumohra adiantiformis, Sabal palmetto, Saccharum spontaneum, Sambucus javanica, Sapindus mukorossi, Saurauia napaulensis, Schima wallichii, Schoenoplectiella mucronata, Searsia parviflora, Selenicereus grandifloras, Senecio scandens, Senegalia catechu, S. pennata, Senna alata, S. septemtrionalis, S. spectabilis, Shorea robusta, Smithia hirsuta, Spathodea campanulata, Spiraea bella, Sterculia villosa, Syzygium cumini, S. jambos, Tabernaemontana divaricata, Tamarindus indica, Tecomaria capensis, Terminalia bellirica, T. chebula, Thuja occidentalis, Toona ciliata, Toxicodendron succedaneum, T. wallichii, Urena lobata, Urtica dioica, Vachellia nilotica, Viburnum mullaha, Vicia sativa subsp. nigra, Vitex negundo, Woodfordia fruticosa, Xylosma controversa, Yucca gloriosa, Zantedeschia aethiopica, Zanthoxylum acanthopodium, Z. armatum, Ziziphus incurva, Z. mauritiana
  • Data Deficient: Amomum subulatum, Asparagus filicinus, Camellia sinensis, Curcuma longa, Gossypium herbaceum, Hedychium coronarium, Magnolia coco, kisopa, M. kobus, Mammillaria spinosissima, Mangifera indica, Melaleuca bracteata, Narcissus jonquilla, Opuntia ficus-indica, Platanus orientalis, Prunus incisa, Salix babylonica, Solanum betaceum, Thunbergia kasajuana

Monty Don: “A garden is not a place. It’s a journey.”